| Non-Rationalised Geography NCERT Notes, Solutions and Extra Q & A (Class 6th to 12th) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Class 6th Geography NCERT Notes, NCERT Question Solutions and Extra Q & A (Non-Rationalised)
1. The Earth In The Solar System
This chapter introduces the **Earth** as a planet within our **Solar System**. It discusses the components of the solar system, including the **Sun** (the central star and source of energy), eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), satellites (moons), asteroids, and meteoroids. The chapter describes the characteristics of each celestial body and their arrangement in the solar system. It highlights Earth's unique features that support life, such as its distance from the Sun, presence of water, and atmosphere, providing a cosmic perspective on our planet's place.
2. Globe : Latitudes And Longitudes
This chapter introduces the **globe** as a true model of the Earth and explains how imaginary lines are used to locate places accurately. It discusses **latitudes** – horizontal circles parallel to the Equator that measure distance north or south. Key latitudes like the Equator, Tropic of Cancer ($\textsf{23.5}^\circ \textsf{N}$), Tropic of Capricorn ($\textsf{23.5}^\circ \textsf{S}$), Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle are explained. It also discusses **longitudes** – vertical lines running from North to South Pole that measure distance east or west from the Prime Meridian. The intersection of latitudes and longitudes creates a grid for precise location.
3. Motions Of The Earth
This chapter explains the two main **motions of the Earth**: **rotation** and **revolution**. **Rotation** is the spinning of the Earth on its axis, which causes day and night. The Earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours. **Revolution** is the movement of the Earth around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, which causes the change of **seasons**. The Earth takes about 365.25 days to complete one revolution. The concept of a leap year is explained, accounting for the extra quarter day. Understanding these motions is key to comprehending daily cycles and seasonal changes.
4. Maps
This chapter introduces **maps** as representations of the Earth's surface or parts of it on a flat surface. It discusses how maps are useful for locating places and understanding spatial relationships. Different types of maps (political, physical, thematic) are introduced. Key components or elements of a map, such as **scale** (ratio of map distance to real distance), **direction** (indicated by a North arrow), and **symbols** or legends (representing features like rivers, roads, buildings), are explained. Understanding these elements is fundamental to reading and interpreting maps effectively for geographical studies and navigation.
5. Major Domains Of The Earth
This chapter introduces the four major realms or **domains of the Earth**: the **Lithosphere** (solid outer layer, land), the **Hydrosphere** (all water bodies - oceans, rivers, lakes), the **Atmosphere** (layer of gases surrounding Earth), and the **Biosphere** (the narrow zone where land, water, and air interact to support life). It explains the composition and significance of each domain and how they interact with each other. The Biosphere is highlighted as the realm of life, showing the interconnectedness of the different spheres of the Earth system.
6. Major Landforms Of The Earth
This chapter explores the different natural features found on the Earth's surface, known as **landforms**. It discusses the formation of landforms through internal processes (like earthquakes, volcanism, mountain building) and external processes (like weathering and erosion). Major landforms like **mountains** (e.g., Himalayas), **plateaus** (elevated flat land, e.g., Deccan Plateau), and **plains** (flat, low-lying areas, e.g., Northern Plains) are described, highlighting their characteristics, how they are formed, and their significance for human life and economic activities, showcasing the variety of Earth's surface features.
7. Our Country – India
This chapter provides a geographical overview of **India**. It discusses India's vast size, its location in South Asia, and its major geographical divisions (physical features) like the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, and Islands. The chapter introduces the political divisions of India into states and Union Territories. It highlights the diversity of India's physical features, climate, vegetation, and culture across its different regions, providing a foundational geographical understanding of the country as 'Our Country', rich in variety.
8. India : Climate, Vegetation And Wildlife
This chapter explores the **climate**, **natural vegetation**, and **wildlife** of **India**. India has a diverse climate, largely influenced by the **monsoon winds**, and experiences different seasons. Based on climatic variations, different types of natural vegetation (forests) are found, like tropical rainforests and deciduous forests. The chapter also discusses India's rich **wildlife**, including a variety of animal and bird species. It highlights the importance of these natural resources and the need for their conservation through measures like establishing national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to protect India's biodiversity and ecological balance.